A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Informational Booklets on Knowledge regarding Worm Infestation and its Prevention among mothers of under Five Children in selected PhC, Bangalore
Denisha. S, Maheshwari. L, Laishram Dabashini Devi
Global College of Nursing, Bangalore.
*Corresponding Author Email: roshini999.bk@gmail.com
ABSTRACT:
Antihelminthic treatment of school age children infected with intestinal helminth can improve hemoglobin level in addition to reducing the prevalence and intensity of helminth infections 1 month after treatment. Administration of albendazole (ALB) 400mg or mebendazole 500mg for control of STH.To assess the knowledge and practice regarding worm infestation among the mothers of under five children. To correlate the knowledge and practices of worm infestation among the mothers of under five children. To find out the association between the mother’s knowledge on worm infestation and demographic variables. The data was generated by using investigator development informational booklets with assessing mother knowledge. Purposive sampling was adopted to select 30 subjects based on eligibility criteria. Thus, the data was obtained from the study; the subjects were analysed and interpreted in terms of the objectives and hypothesis of the study. Data analysis is done by descriptive and inferential statistics and the p value is set at 0.05 level. The maximum number of mothers 26.67% was in the age group of the age group of 32-39 years. 16.67% of mothers had completed high school education. Out of 30 mothers 63% were housewives. 44% of the mother’s monthly income of the family is between Rs. 10001-15000. 46% of mothers had two under five children 67% were consuming non-vegetarian. The maximum number 70% of families were practicing common toilet for defecation in buildings. 43% of the families do not have pet animals. Maximum number of mothers 52% acquired information about worm infestation from mass media.The result revealed that majority 43.33% of the mothers moderately adequate knowledge regarding worm infestation and 16.67% of them had fair practices towards prevention of worm infestations .And Demographic variables have influence on the knowledge and practices of mother regarding worm infestation among the under five children there is a positive relation between knowledge and practice regarding worm infestation among the under 5 children.
KEYWORDS: Worm infestation, Antihelminthic Treatment.
INTRODUCTION:
Infestation is the state of being invaded or overrun by pests of parasites. It can also refer to the actual organisms living on or within a host. It is the presence of an unusually large number of insects or animals in a host typically so as to cause damage or disease.1 Worm infestation happen when worm infects the intestine and other parts of the body. Different types of worm infestations are: hook worm infestations, ascariasis, pinworm infestation, tape worms, whip worms, hookworms, fish tape worms.2 Intestinal worm infestation is a global health problem. Soil transmitted helminth infections from the most important group of worm infestation causing considerable morbidity and suffering, though entirely preventable.3
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:
1. To assess the pre-test knowledge and practice regarding worm infestation among the mothers of under five children.
2. To assess the effectiveness of knowledge and practice regarding worm infestation among the mothers of under five children.
3. To assess the correlation between pre-test knowledge and practice of worm infestation among the mothers of under five children.
4. To find out the association between the knowledge and practice score with demographic variables of mothers under five children
METHODOLOGY:
Quasi-experimental approach was considered as the best to access knowledge and practices of mothers regarding work infestation among under five children. The research design adopted for the study is pre-experimental (one group pre-test post-test research design) was used. PHC, Bangarappanagar, Bangalore Urban, Karnataka were the setting of the study. SAMPLE: Mothers who are having under five children. convenient sampling technique was adopted and 30 mothers of under five children who are residing Bangarappanagar PHC. Bangalore.
RESULTS:
Table No. 01: Frequency and Percentage distribution of samples according to demographic variables.
|
Sr. No |
Demographic |
Variables |
Fre- quency |
Per- centage |
|
1 |
Age of Mothers |
16-23 Years |
02 |
6.67 |
|
24-31 Years |
07 |
23.33 |
||
|
32-39 Years |
08 |
26.67 |
||
|
40-47 Years |
13 |
43.33 |
||
|
2 |
Educational Status of Mothers |
School |
05 |
16.67 |
|
PUC |
16 |
53.33 |
||
|
Diploma |
07 |
23.33 |
||
|
UG/PG |
02 |
6.67 |
||
|
3 |
Occupation of the mothers |
Housewife |
19 |
63.33 |
|
Working Women |
11 |
36.67 |
||
|
4 |
Monthly income |
Rs. 5000-15000/- |
04 |
13.33 |
|
Rs. 10001-15000/- |
13 |
43.33 |
||
|
Rs. 15001-20000/- |
11 |
36.67 |
||
|
>Rs.20000/- |
02 |
6.67 |
||
|
5 |
Number of under five children in the family |
One |
08 |
26.67 |
|
Two |
14 |
46.67 |
||
|
Three |
05 |
16.67 |
||
|
Above three |
03 |
10.00 |
||
|
6 |
Dietary Pattern |
Vegetarian |
10 |
33.33 |
|
Non-Vegetarian |
20 |
66.67 |
||
|
7 |
Latrine Facility |
Indoor Defecation |
09 |
30.00 |
|
Open Field Defecation |
21 |
70.00 |
||
|
8 |
Pet Animals |
Yes |
17 |
56.67 |
|
No |
13 |
43.33 |
||
|
9 |
Source of information. |
Mass Media |
17 |
56.67 |
|
Health Personnel |
13 |
43.33 |
The majority (43.33%) of mothers were aged between 40-47 years, followed by 32-39 years (26.67%), 24-31 years (23.33%), and 16-23 years (6.67%).More than half of the mothers (53.33%) had completed pre-university courses (PUC), while 23.33% held a diploma, 16.67% had studied up to school level, and only 6.67% had undergraduate or postgraduate education.A significant proportion (63.33%) were housewives, whereas 36.67% were working women.
Monthly Income: The majority (43.33%) had a monthly income between Rs. 10,001-15,000, followed by 36.67% earning between Rs. 15,001-20,000. About 13.33% had an income below Rs. 10,000, and 6.67% earned more than Rs. 20,000.Nearly half of the mothers (46.67%) had two children under five years, 26.67% had one child, 16.67% had three children, and 10% had more than three.A majority (66.67%) followed a non-vegetarian diet, while 33.33% were vegetarians. A significant number (70%) practiced open-field defecation, whereas 30% had indoor sanitation facilities.More than half (56.67%) of the mothers had pet animals, while 43.33% did not. Mass media was the primary source of information for 56.67% of mothers, while 43.33% relied on health personnel.
Table No. 02: Pre-test and post-test Mean, Standard deviation, Range and Mean Percentage levels of knowledge regarding worm infestation and its prevention.
|
Sr. No |
Areas |
Mean |
SD |
|
1 |
Pre test |
12.96 |
3.33 |
|
2 |
Post test |
21.53 |
2.53 |
The above table describes the pretest and post-test knowledge scores regarding worm infestation and its prevention among mothers of under five children. In the pretest the mean knowledge score was 12.96 with standard deviation of 3.33 where as in the post-test the mean was 21.53 with SD of 2.53.
Table No 3: Classification of sample based on the pre-test and post-test levels of knowledge.
|
Sr. No |
Levels of Knowledge |
Pre test |
Post test |
||
|
Frequency |
Percentage |
Frequency |
Percentage |
||
|
1 |
Inadequate knowledge |
12 |
40 |
00 |
0.00 |
|
2 |
Moderately adequate knowledge |
13 |
43.33 |
08 |
26.67 |
|
3 |
Adequate Knowledge |
05 |
16.67 |
22 |
73.33 |
The above table describes the pretest and post-test knowledge levels regarding worm infestation and its prevention among mothers of under five children. In the pretest the majority 13(43.33%) were had moderately adequate knowledge, 12(40%) were had inadequate knowledge and 05(16.67%) were had adequate knowledge. In the post-test, 22(73.33%) were had adequate knowledge and 08(26.67%) were had moderately adequate knowledge.
Table No 5: Classification of sample based on the pre-test and post-test levels of practices.
|
Sr. No |
Levels of Practices |
Pre test |
Post test |
||
|
Frequency |
Percentage |
Frequency |
Percentage |
||
|
1 |
Poor Practices |
17 |
56.67 |
00 |
00 |
|
2 |
Average Practices |
08 |
26.67 |
21 |
70 |
|
3 |
Good Practices |
05 |
16.66 |
09 |
30 |
The above table describes the pretest and post-test practice levels regarding worm infestation and its prevention among mothers of under five children. In the pretest the majority 17(56.67%) were had poor practices, 08(26.67%) were had average practices and 05(16.67%) were had poor practices. In the post-test, 21(70%) were had average practices and 09(30%) were had good practices.
Table No 6: Assessment of effectiveness of information booklet on knowledge.
|
Sr. No |
Areas |
Mean |
SD |
Paired t test |
|
1 |
Pre test |
12.96 |
3.33 |
8.21, df=29, p=0.0001, Significant. |
|
2 |
Post test |
21.53 |
2.53 |
|
|
|
Difference |
8.57 |
1.95 |
The above table describes the pretest and post-test knowledge scores regarding worm infestation and its prevention among mothers of under five children. In the pretest the mean knowledge score was 12.96 with standard deviation of 3.33 where as in the post-test the mean was 21.53 with SD of 2.53. The mean difference was 8.57 with SD of 1.95 and paired t test value was 8.21, with df=29 found significant.
Table No. 7. Assessment of effectiveness of informational booklet on practice.
|
Sr. No |
Areas |
Mean |
SD |
Paired t test |
|
1 |
Pre test |
5.47 |
2.25 |
6.83, df=29, p=0.001. Significant. |
|
2 |
Post test |
12.67 |
1.95 |
|
|
|
Difference |
07.2 |
1.82 |
The above table describes the pretest and post-test practice scores regarding worm infestation and its prevention among mothers of under five children. In the pretest the mean knowledge score was 5.47 with standard deviation of 2.25 where as in the post-test the mean was 12.67 with SD of 1.95. The mean difference was 7.2 with standard deviation of 1.82. the paired t test was 6.83, df=29 and p=0.001.
Table No. 8. Correlation between the pretest knowledge and practice score regarding worm infestation among the mothers of under five children
|
Sr. No |
Correlation |
Mean and SD Score |
Karl Person Correlation Coefficient |
|
1 |
Knowledge |
12.96 ± 3.37 |
r=0.88, p=0.0001 |
|
2 |
Practice |
5.47 ± 2.25 |
The correlation between the pretest knowledge and practice, the Karl-Pearson correlation coefficient was r=0.88 found, which show that there was significant correlation between the knowledge and practice.
Table No. 9. Association between the pretest knowledge levels with selected demographic variables.
|
Sr. No |
Demographic Variables |
F |
Knowledge Score |
Chi Square |
||||
|
< Median |
≥Median |
|||||||
|
F |
% |
F |
% |
|||||
|
1 |
Age of Mothers |
16-23 Years |
2 |
1 |
50.00 |
1 |
50.00 |
2.36, df=3, p>0.05. NS |
|
24-31 Years |
7 |
4 |
57.14 |
3 |
42.86 |
|||
|
32-39 Years |
8 |
5 |
62.50 |
3 |
37.50 |
|||
|
40-47 Years |
13 |
7 |
53.85 |
6 |
46.15 |
|||
|
2 |
Educational Status of Mothers |
School |
5 |
3 |
60.00 |
2 |
40.00 |
11.36, df=3, p<0.05, S* |
|
PUC |
16 |
9 |
56.25 |
7 |
43.75 |
|||
|
Diploma |
7 |
4 |
57.14 |
3 |
42.86 |
|||
|
UG/PG |
2 |
1 |
50.00 |
1 |
50.00 |
|||
|
3 |
Occupation of the mothers |
Housewife |
19 |
11 |
57.89 |
8 |
42.11 |
1.35, df=1. P>0.05, NS |
|
Working Women |
11 |
6 |
54.55 |
5 |
45.45 |
|||
|
4 |
Monthly income |
Rs. 5000 - 15000/- |
4 |
2 |
50.00 |
2 |
50.00 |
0.289, df=3, p>0.05, NS |
|
Rs.10001-15000/- |
13 |
8 |
61.54 |
5 |
38.46 |
|||
|
Rs.15001-20000/- |
11 |
6 |
54.55 |
5 |
45.45 |
|||
|
>Rs.20000/- |
2 |
1 |
50.00 |
1 |
50.00 |
|||
|
5 |
Number of under five children in the family |
One |
8 |
5 |
62.50 |
3 |
37.50 |
3.12, df=3, p>0.05, NS |
|
Two |
14 |
7 |
50.00 |
7 |
50.00 |
|||
|
Three |
5 |
3 |
60.00 |
2 |
40.00 |
|||
|
Above three |
3 |
2 |
66.67 |
1 |
33.33 |
|||
|
6 |
Dietary Pattern |
Vegetarian |
10 |
6 |
60.00 |
4 |
40.00 |
0.85, df=1, p>0.05, NS |
|
Non- Vegetarian |
20 |
11 |
55.00 |
9 |
45.00 |
|||
|
7 |
Latrine Facility |
Indoor Defecation |
9 |
5 |
55.56 |
4 |
44.44 |
2.11, df=1, p>0.05, NS |
|
Open Field Defecation |
21 |
12 |
57.14 |
9 |
42.86 |
|||
|
8 |
Pet Animals |
Yes |
17 |
10 |
58.82 |
7 |
41.18 |
0.98, df=1, p>0.05, NS |
|
No |
13 |
7 |
53.85 |
6 |
46.15 |
|||
|
9 |
Source of information |
Mass Media |
17 |
10 |
58.82 |
7 |
41.18 |
1.53, df=1, p>0.05. NS |
|
Health Personnel |
13 |
7 |
53.85 |
6 |
46.15 |
|||
There was a significant association between the educational status of mothers with knowledge scores among mothers of under five children. Whereas age of mother, occupation, monthly income, number of under 5 children, dietary pattern, latrine facility, pet animals, sources of information were found non- significant in the association between knowledge and demographic variables.
Table No.10. Association between the pretest practice levels with selected demographic variables.
|
Sr. No |
Demographic Variables |
F |
Practices Scores |
Chi Square |
||||
|
<Median (16) |
≥Median (14) |
|||||||
|
F |
% |
F |
% |
|||||
|
1 |
Age of Mothers |
16-23 Years |
2 |
1 |
50.00 |
1 |
50.00 |
1.98, df=3, p>0.05. NS |
|
24-31 Years |
7 |
4 |
57.14 |
3 |
42.86 |
|||
|
32-39 Years |
8 |
4 |
50.00 |
4 |
50.00 |
|||
|
40-47 Years |
13 |
7 |
53.85 |
6 |
46.15 |
|||
|
2 |
Educational Status of Mothers |
School |
5 |
3 |
60.00 |
2 |
40.00 |
4.63, df=3, p>0.05, NS |
|
PUC |
16 |
8 |
50.00 |
8 |
50.00 |
|||
|
Diploma |
7 |
4 |
57.14 |
3 |
42.86 |
|||
|
UG/PG |
2 |
1 |
50.00 |
1 |
50.00 |
|||
|
3 |
Occupation of the mothers |
Housewife |
19 |
10 |
52.63 |
9 |
47.37 |
2.35, df=1. P>0.05, NS |
|
Working Women |
11 |
6 |
54.55 |
5 |
45.45 |
|||
|
4 |
Monthly income |
Rs. 5000 - 15000/- |
4 |
2 |
50.00 |
2 |
50.00 |
1.289, df=3, p>0.05, NS |
|
Rs.10001 - 15000/- |
13 |
7 |
53.85 |
6 |
46.15 |
|||
|
Rs.15001 - 20000/- |
11 |
6 |
54.55 |
5 |
45.45 |
|||
|
>Rs.20000/- |
2 |
1 |
50.00 |
1 |
50.00 |
|||
|
5 |
Number of under five children in the family |
One |
8 |
4 |
50.00 |
4 |
50.00 |
2.12, df=3, p>0.05, NS |
|
Two |
14 |
7 |
50.00 |
7 |
50.00 |
|||
|
Three |
5 |
3 |
60.00 |
2 |
40.00 |
|||
|
Above three |
3 |
2 |
66.67 |
1 |
33.33 |
|||
|
6 |
Dietary Pattern |
Vegetarian |
10 |
6 |
60.00 |
4 |
40.00 |
1.85, df=1, p>0.05, NS |
|
Non- Vegetarian |
20 |
10 |
50.00 |
10 |
50.00 |
|||
|
7 |
Latrine Facility |
Indoor Defecation |
9 |
5 |
55.56 |
4 |
44.44 |
3.11, df=1, p>0.05, NS |
|
Open Field Defecation |
21 |
11 |
52.38 |
10 |
47.62 |
|||
|
8 |
Pet Animals |
Yes |
17 |
9 |
52.94 |
8 |
47.06 |
2.98, df=1, p>0.05, NS |
|
No |
13 |
7 |
53.85 |
6 |
46.15 |
|||
|
9 |
Source of information |
Mass media |
17 |
9 |
52.94 |
8 |
47.06 |
2.03, df=1, p>0.05. NS |
|
Health Personnel |
13 |
7 |
53.85 |
6 |
46.15 |
|||
There was no significant association between the demographic variables of mothers of under five children with practice scores.
CONCLUSION:
The finding of the study will implicate the need of an hour for concentrating on the providing knowledge on under 5 children mother about warm infestation and it’s prevention.
1. Abdulla G and Lavine. Better patient care through Nursing Research. New York: Collinear Million Publishing Company; 1979
2. Basavanthappa.B.T. Nursing Research, Mumbai: Jaypee Brothers’ Publication; 1998.
3. Denice. F. Polist, Hanzier, Bennalette, Nursing Research principles and method, New York: JP Lippincott Company; 1998
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Received on 28.03.2025 Revised on 17.04.2025 Accepted on 05.05.2025 Published on 21.05.2025 Available online from May 22, 2025 Asian J. Nursing Education and Research. 2025;15(2):89-92. DOI: 10.52711/2349-2996.2025.00019 ©A and V Publications All right reserved
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